Quantitative Research

Chapter 11

Specific Types of
Quantitative Research

Question

Tell whether the following statement is true or false:

Phase I clinical trials involve seeking opportunities for refinements and preliminary evidence of efficacy.

Answer

False

Phase II clinical trials involve seeking opportunities for refinements and preliminary evidence of efficacy. Phase I features of the intervention that are finalized.

Clinical Trials

Effectiveness of clinical interventions
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Phase IV

Sequential Clinical Trial

Data from paired “mini-experiments”
Continuously analyzed
Preference measures
Stopping rules

Question

Tell whether the following statement is true or false:

Practical clinical trials aim to reduce the gap between efficacy and effectiveness studies.

Answer

False

Practical clinical trials are designed to provide information to clinical decision makers.

Practical Clinical Trials

Also called pragmatic clinical trials
Provide information to clinical decision makers

Evaluation Research

Effectiveness of a program, policy, procedure
Assist decision makers

Question

What is the purpose of an outcome analysis?

Describes the status of some condition after the introduction of a program

Tests whether a program causes net impacts

Describes the process by which a program gets implemented and functions in practice

Assesses whether the monetary costs of a program are outweighed by benefits

Answer

Outcome analysis describes the status of some condition after the introduction of a program.

Impact analysis tests whether a program causes net impacts.

Process analysis describes the process by which a program gets implemented and functions in practice.

Cost analysis assesses whether the monetary costs of a program are outweighed by benefits.

Various Analyses

Process or implementation
Outcome
Impact
Cost or economic
Cost–benefit analysis
Cost-effectiveness analysis
Cost-utility analysis

Question

Tell whether the following statement is true or false:

Outcome research examines the quality and effectiveness of health care and nursing services.

Answer

True

Outcome research examines the quality and effectiveness of health care and nursing services.

Outcome Research

Quality and effectiveness of health care and nursing services
Health care quality
Structure
Process
Client risk factors
Outcomes

Survey Research

People’s characteristics, behaviors, and intentions by asking them to answer questions
Personal interviews
Telephone interviews
Questionnaires

Secondary Analysis

Researchers analyze previously collected data.
Economical
Difficult to identify appropriate existing data base

Needs Assessment

Needs of group or community
Three main needs
Key informant
Survey
Indicators approach

Question

Tell whether the following statement is true or false:

The Delphi technique is a method of problem solving in which one round of questionnaires are sent to a panel of experts.

Answer

False

The Delphi technique is a method of problem solving in which several rounds of questionnaires are sent to a panel of experts, not one round.

Delphi Technique

Problem solving
Several rounds of questionnaires

Replication Studies

Identical
Virtual
Systematic extension replication

Methodologic Studies

Development
Validation
Assessment

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