Post ACC211 Unit 1 Discussion Latest 2017 AugustUnit 1 Discussion BoardDo you believe a firm must have a firm grasp of the concepts of differential cost, opportunity cost and sunk cost to be effective in making business decisions? Please be sure that your first post talks about these three different types of costs. Consider giving examples – especially if you have examples within your own employment experience. Or – you can look for some online resources that offer you some other facets of this topic to discuss so that it isn’t just a rehash of the textbook. Don’t forget to cite any resources that you use – even the textbook!Post ACC211 Unit 2 Discussion Latest 2017 AugustUnit 2 Discussion BoardWhat benefits and drawbacks are there for a business that uses a Standard/Traditional Costing model?What benefits and drawback are there for a business that uses an Activity Based Costing (ABC) model?If you owned a small manufacturing business with relatively high volume and multiple product lines, would you implement an ABC model? Why?As you get ready to reflect on these questions, don’t forget that the best answers are attempts to apply the concept to a small business and explore how a standard/traditional costing or activity-based costing system would/could be used. What are the benefits and the risks – or how could you adapt it to get the best of both?Don’t forget that, when you draw a blank on a question (or any part of it), take a quick look at the concept on the internet or in the Post online library. There will be some great inspiration there that will help you out AND lend some different perspective on the matter! (Don’t forget to cite anything that you use!)Post ACC211 Unit 3 Discussion Latest 2017 AugustUnit 3 Discussion BoardCompanies often use leverage to augment profits. Based on what you learned this week, please explain the following in detail:With regards to Operating Leverage, please explain why a company with HIGH Operating Leverage faces greater financial risk in a declining sales period compared to a company with LOW Operating Leverage. (HINT: The key here is the relation between fixed costs and variable costs.)What does a business’s Contribution Margin represent? What does the Contribution Margin have to do with Operating Leverage?Post ACC211 Unit 4 Discussion Latest 2017 AugustUnit 4 Discussion BoardHow important is it to trace costs appropriately? Explain.As you are beginning to think about the importance of tracing costs appropriately, please consider the differences between variable costing and absorption costing. What implications does each of these have on such things as financial reporting of profit and pricing your products for the marketplace?You may also want to think about the issues involved with traceable costs as discussed in our text or in articles that you may find online.Post ACC211 Unit 6 Discussion Latest 2017 AugustUnit 6 Discussion BoardWhy is the identification of favorable and unfavorable variances so important to a company? How can the identification of the variances help management control costs? Please explain.As you are considering the flexible budgeting topic of the week, it is important for you to look at this analysis as a significant contribution to the management of the company. Knowing what the bottom line profit or loss is important. But what is more important is to understand how your actual results varied in terms of units sold versus how the actual cost of each unit differed from the budget.Please do watch the video available in this weeks resources you can turn the sound off and read the script on the right side if you need to. The lecturer has an excellent example that will help you.Do you have an example that you can share? Sometimes thats the best way to answer the question.Post ACC211 Unit 7 Discussion Latest 2017 AugustUnit 7 Discussion BoardWhat insight does ROI give into investment performance? Is it acceptable to lose profit on one product, if that product is vital to the sale of an extremely profitable product? Why?As you think about these questions, also consider what other measures beside ROI might be help in analyzing solutions to business problems or opportunities.Post ACC211 Unit 1 Chapter 1 Quiz1.The following costs were incurred in April: Direct materials$41,400Direct labor$29,800Manufacturing overhead$24,300Selling expenses$19,700Administrative expenses$34,500Conversion costs during the month totaled:$71,200$65,700$54,100$149,7002.The following costs were incurred in April:Direct materials$39,700Direct labor$23,200Manufacturing overhead$24,000Selling expenses$20,300Administrative expenses$33,900Prime costs during the month totaled:$47,200$86,900$62,900$141,1003.Haab Inc. is a merchandising company. Last month the company’s cost of goods sold was $67,500. The company’s beginning merchandise inventory was $11,000 and its ending merchandise inventory was $26,200. What was the total amount of the company’s merchandise purchases for the month?$104,700$52,300$82,700$67,5004.At a sales volume of 35,500 units, Carne Company’s sales commissions (a cost that is variable with respect to sales volume) total $727,750.To the nearest whole dollar, what should be the total sales commissions at a sales volume of 34,200 units? (Assume that this sales volume is within the relevant range.) (Do not round intermediate calculations.)$712,620$755,413$701,100$727,7505.Calip Corporation, a merchandising company, reported the following results for October:Sales$419,000Cost of goods sold (all variable)$175,500Total variable selling expense$23,600Total fixed selling expense$17,200Total variable administrative expense$15,400Total fixed administrative expense$31,400The contribution margin for October is:$204,500$155,900$370,400$243,5006.Nieman Inc., a local retailer, has provided the following data for the month of March:Merchandise inventory, beginning balance$49,300Merchandise inventory, ending balance$44,200Sales$260,700Purchases of merchandise inventory$142,400Selling expense$20,100Administrative expense$60,100The cost of goods sold for March was:$222,600$137,300$147,500$142,4007.Nieman Inc., a local retailer, has provided the following data for the month of March:Merchandise inventory, beginning balance$ 44,500Merchandise inventory, ending balance$ 43,200Sales$263,100Purchases of merchandise inventory$137,600Selling expense$ 17,000Administrative expense$ 60,900The net operating income for March was:$125,500$126,500$46,900$46,3008.In April direct labor was 70% of conversion cost. If the manufacturing overhead for the month was $42,000 and the direct materials cost was $28,000, the direct labor cost was:$98,000$65,333$18,000$12,0009.The following cost data pertain to the operations of Rademaker Department Stores, Inc., for the month of March. Corporate headquarters building lease$80,000Cosmetics Department sales commissions-Northridge Store$7,000Corporate legal office salaries$75,000Store manager’s salary-Northridge Store$11,000Heating-Northridge Store$11,000Cosmetics Department cost of sales-Northridge Store$83,000Central warehouse lease cost$17,000Store security-Northridge Store$11,000Cosmetics Department manager’s salary-Northridge Store$4,000The Northridge Store is just one of many stores owned and operated by the company. The Cosmetics Department is one of many departments at the Northridge Store. The central warehouse serves all of the company’s stores.What is the total amount of the costs listed above that are direct costs of the Cosmetics Department?$83,000$94,000$90,000$127,00010.Corcetti Company manufactures and sells prewashed denim jeans. Large rolls of denim cloth are purchased and are first washed in a giant washing machine. After the cloth is dried, it is cut up into jean pattern shapes and then sewn together. The completed jeans are sold to various retail chains.Which of the following terms could be used to correctly describe the cost of the soap used to wash the denim cloth?Direct CostProduct CostA)YesYesB)YesNoC)NoYesD)NoNoOption AOption BOption COption D11.Ence Sales, Inc., a merchandising company, reported sales of 6,400 units in April at a selling price of $684 per unit. Cost of goods sold, which is a variable cost, was $455 per unit. Variable selling expenses were $30 per unit and variable administrative expenses were $40 per unit. The total fixed selling expenses were $156,800 and the total administrative expenses were $260,400.The gross margin for April was:$1,465,600$3,960,400$1,017,600$600,400Post ACC211 Unit 5 Chapter 7 Quiz1.The WRT Corporation makes collections on sales according to the following schedule:40% in month of sale55% in month following sale5% in second month following saleThe following sales have been are expected:Expected SalesApril$110,000May$120,000June$110,000Budgeted cash collections in June should be budgeted to be:$110,550$110,000$115,500$110,0002.Paradise Corporation budgets on an annual basis for its fiscal year. The following beginning and ending inventory levels (in units) are planned for next year.Beginning InventoryEnding InventoryRaw material*52,00062,000Finished goods92,00062,000*Three pounds of raw material are needed to produce each unit of finished product.If Paradise Corporation plans to sell 540,000 units during next year, the number of units it would have to manufacture during the year would be:488,000 units540,000 units570,000 units510,000 units3.Morie Corporation is working on its direct labor budget for the next two months. Each unit of output requires 0.77 direct labor-hours. The direct labor rate is $11.10 per direct labor-hour. The production budget calls for producing 7,000 units in March and 6,800 units in April. The company guarantees its direct labor workers a 40-hour paid work week. With the number of workers currently employed, that means that the company is committed to paying its direct labor work force for at least 5,480 hours in total each month even if there is not enough work to keep them busy. What would be the total combined direct labor cost for the two months?$121,656.00$117,948.60$133,599.60$118,947.604.The manufacturing overhead budget at Amrein Corporation is based on budgeted direct labor-hours. The direct labor budget indicates that 2,400 direct labor-hours will be required in August. The variable overhead rate is $5 per direct labor-hour. The company’s budgeted fixed manufacturing overhead is $43,080 per month, which includes depreciation of $3,680. All other fixed manufacturing overhead costs represent current cash flows. The August cash disbursements for manufacturing overhead on the manufacturing overhead budget should be:$55,080$39,400$51,400$12,0005.The manufacturing overhead budget at Pendley Corporation is based on budgeted direct labor-hours. The direct labor budget indicates that 6,000 direct labor-hours will be required in August. The variable overhead rate is $8.40 per direct labor-hour. The company’s budgeted fixed manufacturing overhead is $109,800 per month, which includes depreciation of $24,970. All other fixed manufacturing overhead costs represent current cash flows. The company recomputes its predetermined overhead rate every month. The predetermined overhead rate for August should be:$23.20$18.30$8.40$26.706.Vandel Inc. bases its selling and administrative expense budget on budgeted unit sales. The sales budget shows 2,700 units are planned to be sold in April. The variable selling and administrative expense is $3.20 per unit. The budgeted fixed selling and administrative expense is $35,770 per month, which includes depreciation of $4,200 per month. The remainder of the fixed selling and administrative expense represents current cash flows. The cash disbursements for selling and administrative expenses on the April selling and administrative expense budget should be:44,41040,21031,5708,6407.Laurey Inc. is working on its cash budget for May. The budgeted beginning cash balance is $47,000. Budgeted cash receipts total $131,000 and budgeted cash disbursements total $126,000. The desired ending cash balance is $64,000. To attain its desired ending cash balance for May, the company needs to borrow:$116,000$0$64,000$12,0008.Sarter Corporation is in the process of preparing its annual budget. The following beginning and ending inventory levels are planned for the year.Beginning InventoryEnding InventoryFinished goods (units)26,00076,000Raw material (grams)56,00046,000Each unit of finished goods requires 2 grams of raw material.The company plans to sell 610,000 units during the year, how much of the raw material should the company purchase during the year?1,336,000 grams1,310,000 grams1,366,000 grams1,320,000 grams9.The Adams Corporation, a merchandising firm, has budgeted its activity for November according to the following information: Sales at $540,000, all for cash. Merchandise inventory on October 31 was $245,000. The cash balance November 1 was $27,000. Selling and administrative expenses are budgeted at $87,000 for November and are paid for in cash. Budgeted depreciation for November is $43,000. The planned merchandise inventory on November 30 is $275,000. The cost of goods sold is 70% of the selling price. All purchases are paid for in cash. There is no interest expense or income tax expense.The budgeted cash receipts for November are:$405,000$540,000$135,000$583,00010.LFM Corporation makes and sells a product called Product WZ. Each unit of Product WZ requires 3.0 hours of direct labor at the rate of $26.00 per direct labor-hour. Management would like you to prepare a Direct Labor Budget for June.The budgeted direct labor cost per unit of Product WZ would be:$7.00 per unit$46.00 per unit$26.00 per unit$78.00 per unit11.LFM Corporation makes and sells a product called Product WZ. Each unit of Product WZ requires 2.2 hours of direct labor at the rate of $18.00 per direct labor-hour. Management would like you to prepare a Direct Labor Budget for June.The company plans to sell 41,000 units of Product WZ in June. The finished goods inventories on June 1 and June 30 are budgeted to be 630 and 130 units, respectively. Budgeted direct labor costs for June would be: (Do not round intermediate calculations.)$1,603,800$1,641,300$730,500$1,622,550Post ACC211 Unit 6 Chapter 8 Quiz1.Hettinger Hospital bases its budgets on patient-visits. The hospital’s static budget for March appears below:Budgeted number of patient-visits8,900Budgeted variable costs:Supplies (@ $10.00 per patient-visit)$ 89,000Laundry (@ $9.70 per patient-visit)86,330Total variable cost175,330Budgeted fixed costs:Wages and salaries99,840Occupancy costs107,840Total fixed cost207,680Total cost$383,010The total variable cost at the activity level of 9,000 patient-visits per month should be:$175,330$207,680$177,300$210,0102.Epley Corporation makes a product with the following standard costs:Standard Quantity or HoursStandard Price or RateDirect materials2.0 pounds$7.00 per poundDirect labor1.3 hours$11.00 per hourVariable overhead1.3 hours$3.00 per hourIn July the company produced 5,000 units using 10,310 pounds of the direct material and 2,290 direct labor-hours. During the month, the company purchased 10,880 pounds of the direct material at a cost of $76,760. The actual direct labor cost was $38,241 and the actual variable overhead cost was $11,942.The company applies variable overhead on the basis of direct labor-hours. The direct materials purchases variance is computed when the materials are purchased.The materials quantity variance for July is:$460 U$600 F$2,170 U$460 F3.Epley Corporation makes a product with the following standard costs:Standard Quantity or HoursStandard Price or RateDirect materials9.0 pounds$8.5 per poundDirect labor0.8 hours$30.00 per hourVariable overhead0.8 hours$14.00 per hourIn July the company produced 3,410 units using 13,640 pounds of the direct material and 2,848 direct labor-hours. During the month, the company purchased 14,400 pounds of the direct material at a cost of $35,100. The actual direct labor cost was $85,030 and the actual variable overhead cost was $38,220.The company applies variable overhead on the basis of direct labor-hours. The direct materials purchases variance is computed when the materials are purchased.The labor rate variance for July is:$410 F$410 U$3,190 U$3,190 F4.Pardoe, Inc., manufactures a single product in which variable manufacturing overhead is assigned on the basis of standard direct labor-hours. The company uses a standard cost system and has established the following standards for one unit of product:Standard QuantityStandard Price or RateStandard CostDirect materials2.0 pounds$5.50 per pound$11.00Direct labor0.6 hours$16 per hour$9.6Variable manufacturing overhead0.6 hours$3.75 per hour$2.25During March, the following activity was recorded by the company: The company produced 5,000 units during the month. A total of 13,500 pounds of material were purchased at a cost of $37,800. There was no beginning inventory of materials on hand to start the month; at the end of the month,2,700 pounds of material remained in the warehouse. During March, 3,200 direct labor-hours were worked at a rate of $16.50 per hour. Variable manufacturing overhead costs during March totaled $7,400.The direct materials purchases variance is computed when the materials are purchased.The materials price variance for March is:$36,450 U$20,800 F$20,800 U$36,450 F5.Oddo Corporation makes a product with the following standard costs:Standard Quantity or HoursStandard Price or RateStandard Cost Per UnitDirect materials3.0 ounces$8.10 per ounce$24.30Direct labor0.8 hours$20.00 per hour$16.00Variable overhead0.8 hours$8.00 per hour$6.40The company reported the following results concerning this product in December.Originally budgeted output4,510unitsActual output4,310unitsRaw materials used in production13,200ouncesActual direct labor-hours3,718hoursPurchases of raw materials14,990ouncesActual price of raw materials$7.90per ounceActual direct labor rate$19.40per hourActual variable overhead rate$8.20per hourThe company applies variable overhead on the basis of direct labor-hours. The direct materials purchases variance is computed when the materials are purchased.The materials quantity variance for December is:$2,187 U$2,133 F$2,187 F$2,133 U6.Oddo Corporation makes a product with the following standard costs:Standard Quantity or HoursStandard Price or RateStandard Cost Per UnitDirect materials3.0 ounces$13.50 per ounce$40.50Direct labor0.6 hours$19.50 per hour$11.70Variable overhead0.6 hours$12.00 per hour$7.20The company reported the following results concerning this product in December.Originally budgeted output12,400unitsActual output12,200unitsRaw materials used in production35,960ouncesActual direct labor-hours7,520hoursPurchases of raw materials37,560ouncesActual price of raw materials13.25per ounceActual direct labor rate15.70per hourActual variable overhead rate8.70per hourThe company applies variable overhead on the basis of direct labor-hours. The direct materials purchases variance is computed when the materials are purchased.The materials price variance for December is:$17,630 U$17,630 F$9,390 F$9,390 U7.Oddo Corporation makes a product with the following standard costs:Standard Quantity or HoursStandard Price or RateStandard Cost Per UnitDirect materials4.0 ounces$7.90 per ounce$31.60Direct labor0.7 hours$30.00 per hour$21.00Variable overhead0.7 hours$8.00 per hour$5.60The company reported the following results concerning this product in December.Originally budgeted output4,490unitsActual output4,290unitsRaw materials used in production17,450ouncesActual direct labor-hours3,293hoursPurchases of raw materials19,220ouncesActual price of raw materials$7.70per ounceActual direct labor rate$19.20per hourActual variable overhead rate$8.10per hourThe company applies variable overhead on the basis of direct labor-hours. The direct materials purchases variance is computed when the materials are purchased.The variable overhead efficiency variance for December is:$2,349 U$2,320 F$2,320 U$2,349 F8.Midgley Corporation makes a product whose direct labor standards are 0.9 hours per unit and $21 per hour. In April the company produced 7,000 units using 5,800 direct labor-hours. The actual direct labor cost was $121,800.The labor efficiency variance for April is:$10,500 U$10,500 F$11,500 F$11,500 UPost ACC211 Unit 7 Chapter 9 Quiz1.Given the following data:Average operating assets$504,000Total liabilities$23,520Sales$168,000Contribution margin$85,680Net operating income$45,360Return on investment (ROI) would be:27.0%9.0%51.0%17.0%2.Given the following data:Return on investment36%Turnover2.7Margin10%Sales$270,000Average operating assets$75,000Minimum required rate of return19%The residual income would be:$12,750$0$19,500$24,3003.Cabal Products is a division of a major corporation. Last year the division had total sales of $28,540,000, net operating income of $2,597,140, and average operating assets of $5,708,000. The company’s minimum required rate of return is 10%.The division’s margin is closest to:(Round your answer to 1 decimal place.)9.1%45.5%91.0%20.0%4.The West Division of Frede Corporation had average operating assets of $667,000 and net operating income of $146,000 in December. The minimum required rate of return for performance evaluation purposes is 23%.What was the West Division’s minimum required return in December?$146,000$153,410$33,580$186,9905.Last year the Uptown Division of Gorcen Enterprises had sales of $300,000 and a net operating income of $24,000. The average operating assets at Uptown last year amounted to $120,000.Last year at Uptown the return on investment was:8%12%20%40%6.The West Division of Frede Corporation had average operating assets of $700,000 and net operating income of $120,800 in December. The minimum required rate of return for performance evaluation purposes is 16%.What was the West Division’s minimum required return in December?$112,000$120,800$131,328$19,3287.The West Division of Frede Corporation had average operating assets of $700,000 and net operating income of $120,800 in December. The minimum required rate of return for performance evaluation purposes is 16%.What was the West Division’s residual income in December?$8,800($19,328)($8,800)$19,328Post ACC211 Unit 8 Chapter 11 Quiz1.Frick Road Paving Corporation is considering an investment in a curb-forming machine. The machine will cost $180,000, will last 10 years, and will have a $30,000 salvage value at the end of 10 years. The machine is expected to generate net cash inflows of $40,000 per year in each of the 10 years. Frick’s discount rate is 10%. The net present value of the proposed investment is closest to:Click here to view Exhibit 11B-1 and Exhibit 11B-2, to determine the appropriate discount factor(s) using tables.$250,000$65,800$245,800$77,3802.The management of Mashiah Corporation is considering the purchase of a machine that would cost $290,000, would last for 6 years, and would have no salvage value. The machine would reduce labor and other costs by $102,000 per year. The company requires a minimum pretax return of 13% on all investment projects.Click here to view Exhibit 11B-2 to determine the appropriate discount factor(s) using tables.The present value of the annual cost savings of $102,000 is closest to:$849,012$612,000$195,872$407,7963.Clairmont Corporation is considering the purchase of a machine that would cost $160,000 and would last for 5 years. At the end of 5 years, the machine would have a salvage value of $19,000. By reducing labor and other operating costs, the machine would provide annual cost savings of $36,000. The company requires a minimum pretax return of 8% on all investment projects. (Ignore income taxes in this problem.)Click here to view Exhibit 11B-1 and Exhibit 11B-2, to determine the appropriate discount factor(s) using tables.The net present value of the proposed project is closest to: (Round discount factor(s) to 3 decimal places, intermediate and final answers to the nearest dollar amount.)$(3,313)$12,233$20,000$(18,660)

PLACE THIS ORDER OR A SIMILAR ORDER WITH BEST NURSING TUTORS TODAY AND GET AN AMAZING DISCOUNT

The post Post ACC211 Unit 1 Discussion Latest 2017 appeared first on BEST NURSING TUTORS .

Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? We have qualified writers to help you. We assure you an A+ quality paper that is free from plagiarism. Order now for an Amazing Discount!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

NB: We do not resell papers. Upon ordering, we do an original paper exclusively for you.

Fairytale Monologue with a Twist (Three Billy Goats Gruff)
The Task: Each student will prepare and present a monologue in which she takes on the role of a character from a fairy tale. Rather than retelling her character’s story, the monologue will explore a ‘fresh take’ or a ‘twist’ on traditional understandings of the character.
Reread your favourite fairy tale (or pick one you’ve always wanted to read) and write a dramatic monologue (10-12 sentences) for one of the characters in which s/he reveals what she’s really like. You must select a fairy tale from surlalunefairytales.com. Have your character refer in the monologue to an object that has meaning for her/him and helps her/him make her version of the story believable. Draw on details from the story and make sure your monologue has a beginning, middle and end.
I need a 10-12 lined monologue written, and I need you to think on an object I can use for my presentation that directly relates to the monologue. I also would like you to use the fairytale of Three Billy Goats Gruff.

Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? We have qualified writers to help you. We assure you an A+ quality paper that is free from plagiarism. Order now for an Amazing Discount!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

NB: We do not resell papers. Upon ordering, we do an original paper exclusively for you.

Question
As an employee, are you automatically an agent of the employer? To what extent, if any, does that agency extend? Thoughts?

How does one know if someone is the authorized agent of another? For instance, if I own a shop and have an employee in training who has specific instructions NOT to sell anything without running it by me first, and they do sell it, was the sell valid? Why or why not? Thoughts?

It is said that you can fire an at-will employee at any time for any reason, for no reason; it just cannot be an illegal one. Is this statement true? Why or why not?

Identify a key term or concept from this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings of particular interest to you. Explain how you could apply the key term or concept and what you learned in the reading within a business context.

Our office gets calls all the time, where people are alleging discrimination at work. Unfortunately, much of what they consider to be discrimination is not discrimination under the law. Please select a discrimination claim in the workplace that you are aware of, or refer to an example from the text or from your research. Identify the legal issues that are involved with the claim that discrimination does or does not exist. What are the legal considerations that affect either the business or the individual claiming discrimination?

As the video states, there are some that say “Business ethics” is an oxymoron. Would you agree or disagree? Why? Thoughts?

PLACE THIS ORDER OR A SIMILAR ORDER WITH BEST NURSING TUTORS TODAY AND GET AN AMAZING DISCOUNT

The post What are the legal considerations that affect either the business or the individual claiming discrimination? appeared first on BEST NURSING TUTORS .

Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? We have qualified writers to help you. We assure you an A+ quality paper that is free from plagiarism. Order now for an Amazing Discount!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

NB: We do not resell papers. Upon ordering, we do an original paper exclusively for you.

English 101
In one or two paragraphs for each, answer the following questions:
1-What, according to Governor Edmund Randolph, were the defects of the Articles of Confederation?
2-By what logic did the majority of the Supreme Court rule in 2015 that state laws forbidding same-sex marriage violated the Fourteenth Amendment?
1
Gov. Edmund Randolph, Speech to the Virginia Constitutional
Ratifying Convention, 1788
After the Constitutional Convention ended in Philadelphia, each state convened a ratifying
convention to decide whether to adopt the Constitution as the nation’s governing document and
to become a member of the union of states. As the two most populous states at the time the
ratifying conventions in Massachusetts and Virginia were particularly important – and
particularly polarized. Gov. Randolph, who had attended the Constitutional Convention and
come away unhappy with the final result, changed his mind and was instrumental in convincing
enough delegates to the Virginia ratifying convention to support the adoption of the Constitution.
[W]heresoever you look [in America], you see danger. Where there are so many witnesses in
many parts of America, that justice is suffocated, shall peace and happiness still be said to reign?
Candor, sir, requires an undisguised representation of our situation. Candor, sir, demands a
faithful exposition of facts. Many citizens have found justice strangled and trampled under foot,
through the course of jurisprudence in this country. Are those who have debts due to them
satisfied with your government? Are not creditors wearied with the tedious procrastination of
your legal process — a process obscured by legislative mists? Cast your eyes to your seaports:
see how commerce languishes. This country, so blessed, by nature, with every advantage that
can render commerce profitable, through defective legislation is deprived of all the benefits and
emoluments she might otherwise reap from it. We hear many complaints on the subject of
located lands; a variety of competitors claiming the same lands under legislative acts, public faith
prostrated, and private confidence destroyed…
My intention…is to [prove]…that a national government is absolutely indispensable, and that a
confederacy is not eligible, in our present situation: the introductory step to this will be, to
endeavor to convince the house of the necessity of the Union, and that the present Confederation
is actually inadequate and unamendable… If…Virginia, from her situation, is not inaccessible or
invulnerable, let us consider if she be protected by having no cause to fear from other nations.
Has she no cause to fear? You will have cause to fear, as a nation, if disunited; you will not only
have this cause to fear from yourselves, from that species of population I before mentioned, and
your once sister states, but from the arms of other nations…
Paper money may also be an additional source of disputes. Rhode Island has been in one
continued train of opposition to national duties and integrity; they have defrauded their creditors
by their paper money. Other states have also had emissions of paper money, to the ruin of credit
and commerce. May not Virginia, at a future day, also recur to the same expedient?… This
danger is taken away by the [proposed] Constitution, as it provides “that no state shall emit bills
of credit.”…
We want a government, sir — a government that will have stability, and give us security… How
far the Confederation is different from such a government, is known to all America. Instead of
being able to cherish and protect the states, it has been unable to defend itself against the
encroachments made upon it by the states. Every one of them has conspired against it; Virginia
as much as any. This fact could be proved by reference to actual history…
2
What are the powers of Congress [under the Articles of Confederation]? They have full
authority to recommend what they please; this recommendatory power reduces them to the
condition of poor supplicants. Consider the dignified language of the members of the American
Congress. May it please your high mightinesses of Virginia to pay your just proportionate quota
of our national debt: we humbly supplicate that it may please you to comply with your federal
duties. We implore, we beg your obedience! Is not this, sir, a fair representation of the powers of
Congress? Their operations are of no validity when counteracted by the states. Their authority
to recommend is a mere mockery of government…
In [the Articles of Confederation] one body has the legislative, executive, and judicial powers;
but the want of efficient powers has prevented the dangers naturally consequent on the union of
these. Is this union consistent with an augmentation of their power? Will you, then, amend it by
taking away one of these three powers?
Suppose, for instance, you only vested it with the legislative and executive powers, without any
control on the judiciary; what must be the result? Are we not taught by reason, experience, and
governmental history, that tyranny is the natural and certain consequence of uniting these two
powers, or the legislative and judicial powers, exclusively, in the same body? If any one denies
it, I shall pass by him as an infidel not to be reclaimed. Whenever any two of these three powers
are vested in one single body, they must, at one time or other, terminate in the destruction of
liberty.
In the most important cases [under the Articles of Confederation], the assent of nine states is
necessary to pass a law. This is too great a restriction, and whatever good consequences it may,
in some cases, produce, yet it will prevent energy in many other cases…
If anything were wanting to complete this farce, it would be, that a resolution of the Assembly of
Virginia, and the other legislatures, should be necessary to confirm and render of any validity the
Congressional acts; this would openly discover the debility of the general government to all the
world. But, in fact, its imbecility is now nearly the same as if such acts were formally requisite.
An act of the Assembly of Virginia, controverting a resolution of Congress, would certainly
prevail. I therefore conclude that the Confederation is too defective to deserve correction. Let us
take farewell of it, with reverential respect, as an old benefactor. It is gone, whether this house
says so or not. It is gone, sir, by its own weakness.

Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? We have qualified writers to help you. We assure you an A+ quality paper that is free from plagiarism. Order now for an Amazing Discount!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

NB: We do not resell papers. Upon ordering, we do an original paper exclusively for you.