counseling theories and concepts quiz

QUESTION 1

1. A consensus of procedures in the career counseling models includes:

   	a.	Assessment only.
   	b.	Diagnosis and decision-making only.
   	c.	Information gathering, assessment, diagnosis, intervention strategies, and decision-making.
   	d.	Information gathering only.

3 points

QUESTION 2

1. According to the American Psychological Association standards for educational and psychological testing, validity refers to:

   	a.	Coefficients of correlation that remain high for long intervals.
   	b.	The meaningfulness and usefulness of certain inferences based on a test score derived from a test in question.
   	c.	The stability of the human trait.
   	d.	Constructs developed from theory and research.

3 points

QUESTION 3

1. An effective counselor maintains that:

   	a.	Society is culturally homogenous.
   	b.	A client fits into a stereotypical role.
   	c.	It is not necessary to consider the background of the client.
   	d.	Each client is a unique individual.

2 points

QUESTION 4

1. Assessment has an important role for which of the following?

   	a.	Information gathering and accurate client self-assessment.
   	b.	Problem identification and interventions.
   	c.	Outcome evaluations.
   	d.	All of the above.

3 points

QUESTION 5

1. Contextual assessment areas include:

   	a.	Ethnocultural heritage, racial and ethnocultural identities, gender and sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status.
   	b.	Family of origin and multigenerational history, family scripts, individual and family life-cycle development and stages, client’s languages, and those spoken by family of origin.
   	c.	It is not necessary to look at contextual information for assessments.
   	d.	Both a and b.

3 points

QUESTION 6

1. Eldridge (1987), supported by Barrett and Logan (2002), suggested what strategies for counselors when dealing with GLBT clients?

   	a.	Use gender-free language.
   	b.	Become familiar with models of GLBT identity formation.
   	c.	Identify a consultant who can provide helpful information or feedback from sexual minorities.
   	d.	All of the above.

3 points

QUESTION 7

1. Examples of physical or mental impairments include, but are not limited to, contagious and noncontagious diseases and conditions such as:

   	a.	Orthopedic, visual, speech, and hearing impairments.
   	b.	Cerebral palsy, epilepsy, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, HIV disease, and tuberculosis.
   	c.	Mental retardation, emotional illness, specific learning disabilities, drug addiction, and alcoholism.
   	d.	All of the above.

3 points

QUESTION 8

1. From a social cognitive perspective, which three key theoretical constructs are considered to be building blocks determining the course of career development and its outcome?

   	a.	Self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and personal goals.
   	b.	Self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and other people’s views of the client’s goals.
   	c.	Outcome expectations, personal goals, and fixed traits.
   	d.	Personal goals, self-efficacy, and interest development.

2 points

QUESTION 9

1. How are goals for children with disabilities conceptualized?

   	a.	Via an Individualized Education Program (IEP) written for each child by the beginning of the school year.
   	b.	Via a Collective Education Program (CEP) written for all children with disabilities.
   	c.	Via a Special Program (SP) written for each child.
   	d.	Via an Individualized Special Program (ISP) written for each child during the year.

2 points

QUESTION 10

1. In addition to being aware of the issues surrounding the development of self-concept in career development, what else must the counselor be alert to when counseling LGBT-oriented youth?

   	a.	High achievement.
   	b.	There are generally no additional issues.
   	c.	Special problems brought about by sexual minority status during adolescence.
   	d.	Low risk for substance abuse.

3 points

QUESTION 11

1. In the Decision Skills Domain, the five stages referred to as the CASVE Cycle include:

   	a.	Communication, aptitude, synthesis, values, and executive.
   	b.	Communication, analysis, synthesis, valuing, and execution.
   	c.	Cognitive, analysis, synthesis, valuing, and execution.
   	d.	Cognitive, application, synthesis, values, and experience.

3 points

QUESTION 12

1. In the developmental model what should clients focus on?

   	a.	The development of other people’s expectations.
   	b.	The development of all life roles for a balanced lifestyle, with an emphasis on an individual’s unique needs.
   	c.	The restriction of career alternatives.
   	d.	A balanced lifestyle is not a top priority in the developmental model.

3 points

QUESTION 13

1. In the work environment, acknowledging differences among cultures helps in understanding aspects of employees, such as:

   	a.	Attitudes and values.
   	b.	Behaviors.
   	c.	Personal dynamics.
   	d.	All of the above.

3 points

QUESTION 14

1. Krumboltz and associates stress that each individual’s unique learning experiences during the life span develop primary influences that lead to career choice. Which statement is not listed as part of these primary influences?

   	a.	Expanding capabilities and interests.
   	b.	Generalization of self-derived from experiences and performance in relation to learned standards.
   	c.	Sets of developed skills used in coping with the environment.
   	d.	Career-entry behavior such as applying for a job or selecting an educational or training institution.

3 points

QUESTION 15

1. Learning Theory of Career Counseling (LTCC) involves which factors?

   	a.	Genetic endowments and special abilities, environmental conditions and events, learning experiences, and task approach skills.
   	b.	Genetic endowments and special abilities only.
   	c.	Environmental conditions and event experiences only.
   	d.	None of the above.

3 points

QUESTION 16

1. Occupational aspirations are the main theme of which theorist?

   	a.	Gottfredson.
   	b.	Super.
   	c.	Krumboltz.
   	d.	Holland.

2 points

QUESTION 17

1. On what principle was career counseling founded?

   	a.	The role of the group.
   	b.	Individual differences and strengths.
   	c.	Group compatibility.
   	d.	Individual likenesses.

3 points

QUESTION 18

1. One major hurdle for the individual in the choice model concerns:

   	a.	Performance influences.
   	b.	Future goals.
   	c.	Contextual or environmental influences.
   	d.	Career-related interests.

3 points

QUESTION 19

1. Principles that matter within the boundaries of ethical competence include:

   	a.	Integrity and professional and social responsibility.
   	b.	Respect for individuals’ rights and dignity.
   	c.	Both a and b.
   	d.	None of the above.

3 points

QUESTION 20

1. Self-assessment procedures for career counseling may include:

   	a.	Autobiography.
   	b.	Focused questions to uncover specific variables.
   	c.	Interest identification.
   	d.	All of the above.

3 points

QUESTION 21

1. The contributions of cognitive science and neuroscience have underscored which factors as being the major forces that drive behavior?

   	a.	The interplay of social and entertainment influences.
   	b.	The relationship specifically between biological and psychological issues.
   	c.	Thought processes.
   	d.	The interplay of biological, psychological, and social influences.

3 points

QUESTION 22

1. The process by which an individual narrows his or her territory when making a decision about space or acceptable alternatives, is referred to as:

   	a.	Compromise.
   	b.	Circumscription.
   	c.	Image of occupations.
   	d.	Cognitive maps of occupations.

3 points

QUESTION 23

1. The trait-and-factor approach of career counseling incorporates:

   	a.	An actuarial method of predicting success in an occupation from the client’s measured trait characteristics.
   	b.	Primarily subjective information.
   	c.	The assumption that clients do not have unique traits that can be matched with requirements of occupations.
   	d.	A non-actuarial method of predicting success in an occupation from the client’s trait characteristics.

2 points

QUESTION 24

1. Trait-oriented theories are embedded in whose vocational counseling paradigm of matching individual traits with requirements of occupations?

   	a.	Super.
   	b.	Holland.
   	c.	Krumboltz.
   	d.	Parsons.

3 points

QUESTION 25

1. What does Zunker present as the next challenge in the role of career counseling?

   	a.	The need to integrate career and personal concerns in the practice of career development.
   	b.	The global economy.
   	c.	The combination of values and lifestyle preferences.
   	d.	Career and travel.

3 points

QUESTION 26

1. What is meant by gender stereotypes?

   	a.	Beliefs that one holds about the characteristics and traits of women and men.
   	b.	What one perceives as appropriate roles for women and men, whether they are accurate or not.
   	c.	Both a and b.
   	d.	None of the above.

3 points

QUESTION 27

1. What is the meaning of informed consent?

   	a.	When a client agrees to engage in counseling without coercion.
   	b.	Disclosure by the counselor of important information the client needs in making the decision as to whether she or he is to start counseling.
   	c.	Discussion regarding the supervision of the counselor’s work with clients.
   	d.	When a psychologist answers patients’ questions.

3 points

QUESTION 28

1. What is the most effective mind-set when using a holistic approach to career counseling?

   	a.	The counselor needs to view the client from a total person perspective.
   	b.	The counselor should focus on career and personal counseling separately.
   	c.	The concept of a narrow focus on career choice is preferable.
   	d.	It is not necessary to look at the interrelationship between career and personal problems.

3 points

QUESTION 29

1. What is the name of the theory suggesting chance events during one’s life span can have both positive and negative consequences?

   	a.	Approach theory.
   	b.	Chance approach theory.
   	c.	Career chance theory.
   	d.	Happenstance approach theory.

3 points

QUESTION 30

1. What is the purpose of specific skills identification as a self-assessment technique?

   	a.	Enables discussion.
   	b.	Encourages clients to consider skills developed from a variety of experiences as important factors in career exploration.
   	c.	Highlights relaxation techniques.
   	d.	Determines interests.

3 points

QUESTION 31

1. What key components are given in the first step toward establishing rapport and culturally appropriate relationships in the multicultural model of career counseling?

   	a.	Identifying barriers.
   	b.	Isolating unique cultural variables.
   	c.	Goal setting as a collaborative negotiation.
   	d.	Trust and collaboration.

3 points

QUESTION 32

1. What type of test is used primarily to measure specific skills and proficiencies or the ability to acquire certain proficiencies?

   	a.	Aptitude test.
   	b.	Battery test.
   	c.	Proficiency test.
   	d.	Skills test.

3 points

QUESTION 33

1. Which statement is not true of undecided clients?

   	a.	An undecided client is generally an uninformed, immature person from a developmental point of view.
   	b.	An undecided client generally lacks self-knowledge.
   	c.	An undecided client generally lacks information about occupations.
   	d.	An undecided client does not have the potential or competency to pursue several different types of careers.

3 points

QUESTION 34

1. Which theorists have delineated a comprehensive learning theory of career counseling (LTTC)?

   	a.	Krumboltz and Super.
   	b.	Krumboltz, Mitchell, and Gelatt.
   	c.	Mitchell, Gelatt, and Super.
   	d.	Only Krumboltz.

3 points

QUESTION 35

1. Who was considered the leading figure, or “father,” of the career counseling movement?

   	a.	Parsons.
   	b.	Holland.
   	c.	Roe.
   	d.	Super.

 

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